@article{ author = {Hajia, Masoud and Storey, Cheristopher}, title = {Differential Diagnosis of Chlamydial Pneumonia Agents “ C. pneumonia and C. psittaci ” by PCR}, abstract ={Two chlamydial species C. pneumonia and C. psittaci have important role in respiratory infections. In this survey a primer pair was designed in order to differentiate these two species in  one step by single PCR. This differentiation was obtained by having specific product length for each one. All experiments confirmed that the product length in these two species were distinguishable.   The test also showed high sensitivity and specifically for both species.}, Keywords = {Chlamydia pneumonia / Chlamydia psittaci / Polymerase Chain Reaction}, volume = {5}, Number = {2}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Hamadan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://sjh.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-1031-en.html}, eprint = {}, journal = {Avicenna Journal of Clinical Medicine}, issn = {2588-722X}, eissn = {2588-7238}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {Hashemi, Seyyed Hamid and Aghaii, Ayoob}, title = {Nasal Carriers Rate of Staphylococcus aureus in Medical and Non-Medical Staff and Their Antibiotic Sensitivity in Hamadan University of Medical Sciences}, abstract ={In order to determine the frequency and distribution of nasal carriers of staphylococcus aureus and their antimicrobial resistance in hospital staff, a cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on 126 hospital staff and on 130 non-hospital staff of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences as control group. Speciments of nasal swabs were cultured on blood agar and the isolated coagulase positive staphylococci were tested for antibiotic sensetivity to commonly used antibiotics. The results suggested that the nasal carriers rate of S. aureus was higher in hospital staff than in control group (31.7% against 25.4%). The rate for physicians was 61.1% and it was significantly higher than other hospital staff) nurse, staff nurse, auxiliary). It was also found that there is no significant difference between the prevalence of nasal carriers of S. aureus among the hospital staff in different wards. The factors such as age, sex, and length  of employment did not have a significant effect on carriers rate. All isolated strains were resistant to penicillin. Resistance to cloxacillin was higher in isolated strain from hospital staff in control group (20% against 6%). However, sensitivity to other antimicrobial agents was high.}, Keywords = {Drug Resistance, Microbial / Personnel, Hospital / Staphylococcus aureus}, volume = {5}, Number = {2}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Hamadan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://sjh.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-1033-en.html}, eprint = {}, journal = {Avicenna Journal of Clinical Medicine}, issn = {2588-722X}, eissn = {2588-7238}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {Sarihi, Abdolrahman and Motamedi, Fereshteh and Naghdi, Naser and Rashidi-Pour, Ali}, title = {The Effects of Citalopram, a 5-HT Re-Uptake Inhibitor, on Passive Avoidance Learning Task in Rat}, abstract ={The role of serotonergic systems in learning processes is even more controversial: For example serotonergic lesion have been reported to facilitate, impair, or have no effect on performance in various learning tasks. There are several possible explanations for these discrepancies; different importance of  confounding activation of different learning processes, different importance of confounding factors, such as anxiety on these tasks, lack of direct effects of serotonergic systems on learning processes and modulatory effects of other neurotransmitter on this system. Therefore we decided to test the effects of citalopram on passive avoidance learning (PAL) task. The experiments were performed on male albino rats (180-220gr). Citalopram was injected interaperitoneally at doses of 0.25, 0.5, 1,2, and 4 mg/kg. Citalopram was injected 30 minutes before training, or immediately after training, or 30 minutes before retrieval test. Control groups received saline. Our results indicate that citalopram has no effect on PAL acquisition but facilitates memory consolidation and retrieval. The maximal facilitatory effect was seen at  doses of 2 mg/kg. Citalopram has no effect on motor activity. Our results suggest that 5-HT has different effects on different steps of learning memory.}, Keywords = {Citalopram / Learning / Serotonin.}, volume = {5}, Number = {2}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Hamadan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://sjh.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-1034-en.html}, eprint = {}, journal = {Avicenna Journal of Clinical Medicine}, issn = {2588-722X}, eissn = {2588-7238}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {Moazami, Farh}, title = {The Comparison and Survey of Dopram and Meperidine Effects in the Treatment of Postanesthetic Shivering}, abstract ={Postanesthesia shivering is a common complication occurring after general anesthesia. It has potentially adverse side effects, especially in high risk patients that their increased oxygen consumption is critical. Although the true  cause of shivering is unknown, some believe that shivering is useful and beneficial for the patients, because it increases body temperature. We studied a total of 65 patients, 10-40 years. All of the patients were in physical status I and II and they received a balanced anesthesia. Upon development of significant shivering, patients were randomized into two groups receive either meperidine (0.35 mg/kg) or dopram(1.5mg/kg). After injection it was recorded whether the shivering stopped, and other factors such as HR, RR, BP, Temp (axillary), vomiting and the level of consciousness were documented. Percentage of patients whose shivering stopped was significantly higher among the patients receiving dopram than the other group (94% Vs 80%). On the other hand in patients receiving dopram shivering stopped earlier (22s Vs 42s). respiratory pattern, RR and level of consciousness had significantly better changes after dopram consumption. According to this study for treatment of postanesthesia shivering dopram is more useful than meperidine in most situations.}, Keywords = {Doxapram / Meperidine / Shivering}, volume = {5}, Number = {2}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Hamadan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://sjh.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-1038-en.html}, eprint = {}, journal = {Avicenna Journal of Clinical Medicine}, issn = {2588-722X}, eissn = {2588-7238}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {Kheirollah, Alireza and Zahraei, Mahi}, title = {The Study of Alterations of alpha – 1 – Antitrypsin (1-AT) in Serum of Hypothyroid Patients}, abstract ={Alpha-1- Protease inhibitor or a1-Antitrypsin (a1-AT) is an a1-glycoprotein and a small molecule which acts as an extracellular inhibitor of serin proteases. It seems that this molecule protein has a protective role in tissues such as inhibition (inactivation) of elastase, colagenase, etc. a1-AT deficiency is a hereditary disorder which characteristed by reduced a1-AT serum level and may cause emphysema, skin disorders, etc. This study measures alteration of this 27 hypothyroid patients and 30 healthy individuals. T3,T4, TSH was assayed by g-counter and TIC (trypsin inhibitory capacity) by sysnthetic substrate BAEE and using U.V. spectrophotometer. The results showed the TIC in hypothyroid patients was significantly lower than that of healthy individual (1.28U+ 0.148 Vs 1.87 + 0.29 mg/ml). Sina correlation between T3 and TIC for hypothyroid was 0.62, then it should be concluded that trypsin inhibitory capacity and a1-AT concentrration decreased in hypothyroidism and decrease dinsity of dermal elastic fiber.}, Keywords = {alpha 1-Antitrypsin / Hypothyroid / Trypsin Inhibitors}, volume = {5}, Number = {2}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Hamadan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://sjh.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-1040-en.html}, eprint = {}, journal = {Avicenna Journal of Clinical Medicine}, issn = {2588-722X}, eissn = {2588-7238}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {Dashgir, Nahayat and Tousi, Parviz}, title = {The Effect of Cyclosporin in Pemphigus Patients who Are Resistant to Conventional Therapy}, abstract ={Pemphigus is a chronic blistering disease and prednisolone is regarded as the treatment of choice for this disease. The doses of prednisolone required are high, and considerable morbidity maybe associated the treatment. Immunosuppressive drugs, particularly azathioprin are frequently used addition to prednisolone, as steroid – sparing agents, although in our experience, these are not always well tolerated, in addition some of the patients are resistant to the conventional immunosuppressive agents. For these mentioned patients cyclosprin therapy would be successful. The mechanism by which cyclosprin exerts its immunosuppressive effect in pemphigus vulgaris is not fully understood. It has been assumed that cyclosporin inhibits production of antibodies to T-cell dependent antigens through its action against CD4 – positive lymphocytes. In this study 20 patients with pemphigus who have been resistant to/or complicated with conventional therapy, cyclosporin was added to their regimen. Combined therapy was effective in all patients two. Mortality rate was 10%. No relapse was seen in any patient. Thus according to the results of this the rationale of using cyclosporin is to reduce the dosage of predinsolone there by minimizing its complication and to permit treating of difficult cases.}, Keywords = {Cyclosporin-therapeutic use / Pemphigus}, volume = {5}, Number = {2}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Hamadan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://sjh.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-1041-en.html}, eprint = {}, journal = {Avicenna Journal of Clinical Medicine}, issn = {2588-722X}, eissn = {2588-7238}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {KarimPour, Moslem and Samarghandi, Mohammadreza and Sadri, Gholamhosei}, title = {A Comparison Study of Heavy Metals in Vegetables, Irrigated by Polluted Water and Healthy Water, in Hamadan City in 1996}, abstract ={This study was carried out to measure heavy metals in vegetables that irrigated by polluted water in Hamadan farms in 1996. The heavy metals were Pb, Ni, Ca and Cr. These factors were compared with those of the vegetable irrigated by healthy water. 90 samples were chosen randomly in 3 months i.e. 30 samples per month. Data was analyzed using SPSS. The results showed significant differences for Cr and Ni between two groups, P-value were 0.001 and 0.045 respectively. The difference in Cr concentration between two groups was significant in August and October with P-value 0.006 and 0.003 respectively. The mean of Pb concentration was significantly different between two groups in October (P=0.018).}, Keywords = {Metals / Vegetables / Water}, volume = {5}, Number = {2}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Hamadan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://sjh.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-1042-en.html}, eprint = {}, journal = {Avicenna Journal of Clinical Medicine}, issn = {2588-722X}, eissn = {2588-7238}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {Taghdiri, Mohammad Mahdi and SayedAhadi, Mir Mahmoud and Tonekaboni, Has}, title = {The Study of 28 Cases of Bochdalek Diaphragmatic Hernia}, abstract ={We studied 28 cases of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) who were admitted to MOFID children hospital from April 1981 up to December 1992. 17 of our patients were male and 11 were female. Our study was focused on Bochdalek hernia and other types of diaphragmatic hernia were excluded. The mortality and morbidity were higher among younger patients. Clinical presentation in neonates was cyanosis and respiratory distress, but in older patients non specific symptoms such as cough, recurrent pneumonia, FUO and FTT were predominant. Post operative complications most commonly noted was sepsis and pneumothorax. Small intestine, spleen and transverse colon were the most common organs herniated. 93% were left sided and 7% right sided. The mean body weight of patients who survived was 3250g, and the mean body weight patients who died after operation was 2750g. 48% of patients were admitted in the first 48h of their life. The mortality rate was 26% and was exclusively seen in newborn. Male / female ratio was 61/39. C.X ray was the most useful paraclinic study in our patients, and we recommend to our colleagues to order C.X ray when they are confronted with an unexplained  respiratory distress and cyanosis.}, Keywords = {Failure to Thrive / Fever of Unknown Origin / Hernia, Diaphragmatic-congenital / Persistent Fetal Circulation Syndrome}, volume = {5}, Number = {2}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Hamadan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://sjh.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-1043-en.html}, eprint = {}, journal = {Avicenna Journal of Clinical Medicine}, issn = {2588-722X}, eissn = {2588-7238}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {Safari, Mahmou}, title = {Effect of Different Positions on the Arterial Blood Gas and Vital Sign in CABG Surgery Patients}, abstract ={We studied 28 cases of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) who were admitted to MOFID children hospital from April 1981 up to December 1992. 17 of our patients were male and 11 were female. Our study was focused on Bochdalek hernia and other types of diaphragmatic hernia were excluded. The mortality and morbidity were higher among younger patients. Clinical presentation in neonates was cyanosis and respiratory distress, but in older patients non specific symptoms such as cough, recurrent pneumonia, FUO and FTT were predominant. Post operative complications most commonly noted was sepsis and pneumothorax. Small intestine, spleen and transverse colon were the most common organs herniated. 93% were left sided and 7% right sided. The mean body weight of patients who survived was 3250g, and the mean body weight patients who died after operation was 2750g. 48% of patients were admitted in the first 48h of their life. The mortality rate was 26% and was exclusively seen in newborn. Male / female ratio was 61/39. C.X ray was the most useful paraclinic study in our patients, and we recommend to our colleagues to order C.X ray when they are confronted with an unexplained  respiratory distress and cyanosis.}, Keywords = {Coronary Artery Bypass / Blood Gas Analysis / Posture}, volume = {5}, Number = {2}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Hamadan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://sjh.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-1044-en.html}, eprint = {}, journal = {Avicenna Journal of Clinical Medicine}, issn = {2588-722X}, eissn = {2588-7238}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {Abbasi, Azizollah and Nasiri, Has}, title = {Timothy Grass as A Foreign Body in the Airways of Children with Clinical Presentation of Pleural Empyema and Lung Abscess}, abstract ={We studied 28 cases of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) who were admitted to MOFID children hospital from April 1981 up to December 1992. 17 of our patients were male and 11 were female. Our study was focused on Bochdalek hernia and other types of diaphragmatic hernia were excluded. The mortality and morbidity were higher among younger patients. Clinical presentation in neonates was cyanosis and respiratory distress, but in older patients non specific symptoms such as cough, recurrent pneumonia, FUO and FTT were predominant. Post operative complications most commonly noted was sepsis and pneumothorax. Small intestine, spleen and transverse colon were the most common organs herniated. 93% were left sided and 7% right sided. The mean body weight of patients who survived was 3250g, and the mean body weight patients who died after operation was 2750g. 48% of patients were admitted in the first 48h of their life. The mortality rate was 26% and was exclusively seen in newborn. Male / female ratio was 61/39. C.X ray was the most useful paraclinic study in our patients, and we recommend to our colleagues to order C.X ray when they are confronted with an unexplained  respiratory distress and cyanosis.}, Keywords = {Empyema / Foreign Bodies / Lung Abscess }, volume = {5}, Number = {2}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Hamadan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://sjh.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-1045-en.html}, eprint = {}, journal = {Avicenna Journal of Clinical Medicine}, issn = {2588-722X}, eissn = {2588-7238}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {Goodari, Mohammad Taghi}, title = {Study of Changes in Glycosylation of Haptoglobin in Ovarian and Breast Cancer Using High Performance Anion Exchange Chromatography with Pulsed Amperometric Detection & Lectin Binding Assay}, abstract ={Accompany with quantitative changes in concentration of acute protein there are qualitative alterations in the carbohydrate moiety (glycosylation) of these proteins in different disease. Haptoglobin (Hp) is one of the human acute phase proteins that undergoes glycosylation changes in disease. There is evidence that glycosylation of Hp changes in ovarian cancer, rheumatoid arthritis and liver disease. In order to investigate changes in glycosylation of Hp in ovarian and breast cancer, Hp was extracted from sera of patients with these disease and also from healthy individuals. Monosaccharide composition of Hp was measured using High performance Anion Exchange Chromatography with Pulsed Amperometric Detection (HPAE PAD) system. To reveal more details of changes in glycosylation of Hp, interaction of cancer and normal Hp with different lectins were studied using Lectin Binding Assay (LBA). The results showed increased in fucose conttent of Hp in cancer, and also increased in branching of the glycan structure. Study of glycosylation changes of Hp in disease will help to improve our understanding of pathological processes involved. This may also provide a better disease maker that useful in diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of  disease.}, Keywords = {Glycosylation / Haptoglobin / Lectins / Neoplasms}, volume = {5}, Number = {1}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Hamadan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://sjh.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-1015-en.html}, eprint = {}, journal = {Avicenna Journal of Clinical Medicine}, issn = {2588-722X}, eissn = {2588-7238}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {Derakhshan, Mohammadrez}, title = {A survey of Height and Weight of Students Aged 11-17 Years in Hamadan}, abstract ={Normal growth is the best indicator of children’s health and well-being. Measuring height and weight is the simplest way of eveluation of growth. In this study the height and weight of 1481 students of Hamadan aging 11-17 was measured and analyzed. Men weight of 11 y boys was 30kgs and their mean height was 138 cm. This figures respectively increase to 55kg and 169.5 cm at age 17. For  girls mean weight at 11 y was 33kg, mean height was 142cm increasing respectively to 50.5 kg and 159cm at age 17. The results of this study is compatible with the measures obtained from the other studies carried out in Iran. But comparing with the North American standards our students, both boys and girls, are significantly shorter and lighter. For boys who were studied the curve of 5th percentile of weight extends about 6 to 9 kg bellow to those of the North America. So applying American standards to judge the quality of growth of our youth may be misleading. An organized national study to survey the anthropometric measures of our children and youth is suggested.}, Keywords = {Body Height / Body Weight / Students}, volume = {5}, Number = {1}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Hamadan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://sjh.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-1016-en.html}, eprint = {}, journal = {Avicenna Journal of Clinical Medicine}, issn = {2588-722X}, eissn = {2588-7238}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {Esfandiarpour, Iraj and Kamyaby, Zahr}, title = {Assessment of Fasting Blood Suger and Glucose Tolerance Test in Patients with Lichen Planus}, abstract ={An association between lichen planus and diabetes mellitus has been speculated for many years. In order to assess this potential problem, fasting plasma glucose levels and glucose tolerance test were studied in 50 patients with lichen planus and in 50 sex, age, matched healthy control subject. Abnormal GTT was observed in 14% of the patients and in 6% of the control group, overt diabetes mellitus was observed in 4% of the patients and in 2% of the control group. There was no statistically significant differences between this two groups. Between, patients with abnormal GTT only one patient had not mucosal involvement. There was a significant difference in 120 minutes GTT of patients with mucosal and mucocutaneous lichen planus, when compared with cutaneous lichen planus. This was a statistically significant differences. (p < 0.05).}, Keywords = {Glucose Tolerance Test / Lichen Planus}, volume = {5}, Number = {1}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Hamadan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://sjh.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-1017-en.html}, eprint = {}, journal = {Avicenna Journal of Clinical Medicine}, issn = {2588-722X}, eissn = {2588-7238}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {Mahjud, Hosein and RahimiForoushani, Abbas and Moshtaghi, Ali Akbar}, title = {Some Effective Factors in Low – Birth – Weight in Hamadan City, Iran}, abstract ={A survey with a sample of 460 was carried out to estimate the prevalence of low-birth-weight in Hamadan city, Iran. The results show that the prevalence of the low-birth-weight is 10% Statistical tests indicate that factors such as twin or more, mother’s disease during pregnancy and mother’s employee are effective in the low-birth-weight.}, Keywords = {Body Weight / Infant, Low Birth Weight}, volume = {5}, Number = {1}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Hamadan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://sjh.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-1018-en.html}, eprint = {}, journal = {Avicenna Journal of Clinical Medicine}, issn = {2588-722X}, eissn = {2588-7238}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {Farshchian, Mahmoud and Samavateean, Bahm}, title = {Effect of Topical Cyclosporin on Oral Lichen Planus}, abstract ={Background & Objective : as there are many different ways for treatment of oral lichen planus, and there may be many relapses in its course, and conflicting reports of therapeutic effects of many drugs and for determining the effect of topical cyclosporin oral solution on oral lesions of lichen planus, this investigation was performed in Hamadan, Sina hospital at 1375. (1996). Methods & Materials : In a quasi experimental study, we treated 15 patients with severe oral lichen planus who came to the clinic sequentially. Clinical diagnosis was donne on the basis of the presence of symptoms (burning mucosal lesions) and the reticular, erosive and erythemteous lesions. After doing biopsy of the lesions, diagnosis was confirmed by microscopic examination. The severity of mucosal lesions was determined on the basis of the extent of mucosal involvemnet and degree of burning sensation. Mucosal lesions were classified as severe, moderate or mild. We treated patients with 1 ml of topical cyclosporin solusion 100 mg/ml with a seish-and-spit method three time daily. The duration of treatment was 6 weeks. Thereafter, the patients were followed for a minimum of months. Results: the patients were 6 women and 9 men, with the range of 45 + 12 years of age. They had oral lichen planus for a mean period of 3 years. Two week after starting treatment, the mucosal lesions were changed from a severe form to the moderate form in 9 patients (60%). In three patients, the mucosal lesions were changed from the sever to the mild form (20%), and in three patients remained in the sever form (20%). At the end of the fourth week, mucosal lesions were completely resolved in four patients (26.6%). Six patients had the mild forms (40%), and five patients (33.3%) had moderate lesions. At the end of the 6 weeks, eleven patients were completely resolved of mucosal lesions (73.4%). Mucosal lesions remained in the mild form in four patients (26.6%). The patients were followed up once monthly for six months. There was not seen any recurrence in the resolved patients. The above mentioned mucosal lesions of the four patients remained in the mild form after six months. Conclusion: Our study showed that in comparison with the transient therapeutic effects of the topical corticosteroids, topical cyclosporin has more beneficial and longstanding therapeutic effects on oral lesions of lichen planus.}, Keywords = {Cyclosporin – therapeutic use / Lichen Planus, Oral}, volume = {5}, Number = {1}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Hamadan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://sjh.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-1025-en.html}, eprint = {}, journal = {Avicenna Journal of Clinical Medicine}, issn = {2588-722X}, eissn = {2588-7238}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {Sadri, Gholamhosein and Majub, Hosei}, title = {Evaluation of E-Chart as A Screening Test for Detecting Myopia in Schools’ Children}, abstract ={A study was carried out to evaluate E-Chart as a screening test for detecting myopia in school’s children in Hamadan, Iran A sample of 878 pupils was tested by a school nurse using E-Chart. According to the test, children with myopia were categorized in two group of negative and positive. All children who were categorized as positive and also a sample of negative and positive. All children who were categorized as positive and also a sample of, were referred to an optometrist, for diagnosis. According to the screening test and diagnosis, children categorized in four groups of true positive, fals positive , true negative and false negative. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were calculated for the data. The results showed that the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for myopia are 85%, 99% , 87.7% and 98.9% respectively.}, Keywords = {Myopia / Vision Screening.}, volume = {5}, Number = {1}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Hamadan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://sjh.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-1026-en.html}, eprint = {}, journal = {Avicenna Journal of Clinical Medicine}, issn = {2588-722X}, eissn = {2588-7238}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {Pour-Jafari, Hamid and Anvari, Nahi}, title = {Sex Ratios in Different Age Group in Iran}, abstract ={Present paper is a report on the ratios in different age group of Iranians. In this investigation unlike the former reports, insteed of sampling, we considered the total Iranian population. We calculated  the secondary sex ratios in Iranians according to their residential conditions (urbans, rurals and nomads) and age group. Age group in this study were arranged in 5 year periods , and primary data was obtained from results of official records of 1991. Based on noted data, total population of Iran in 1991 was 55,837,136. Total sex was 106.27, and it was 106.71 in urbans, 105.68 in rurala and 107.19 in nomads, sex ratio in all age group, with some exceptions was heigher than 100, which means in almost al age group, population of males was more than that of females. Sec ratios in lower age groups up to 20 years old, was more than age groups between 20 to 45 years old, showing increased mortality in lower age group among females. Results showed that the sex ratios in different areas are significantly heigh in age group above 55 yeas, which means the number of the men in heigher than that of aged women.}, Keywords = {Demography / Sex Ratio}, volume = {5}, Number = {1}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Hamadan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://sjh.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-1027-en.html}, eprint = {}, journal = {Avicenna Journal of Clinical Medicine}, issn = {2588-722X}, eissn = {2588-7238}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {Cheraghi, Fatemeh and Samiei, Soos}, title = {Comparison of Psycho – Social Development of Thalassemic and Healthy School-Aged Children in Tehran}, abstract ={This was a descriptive – analytic study. Sample was 60 thalasemic school aged children (Case group) and 60 healthy school-aged children (Control group). For sampling, four blood transfusion canters were selected by randomized stratified sampling. Then thalassemic children were chosen by poisson sampling. Between the school of thalassemic children, nine school were selected by randomized sampling. Then healthy children  group was chosen by simple sampling. Data was gathered by a questionnaire. Outcome showed that self-Esteem and social competence of thalassemic school aged were significantly lower and their behavior problem were higher than healthy ones. So that, the psycho-social development of thalassmic school-aged children were lower than school-aged children.}, Keywords = {beta-Thalassemia / Child Behavior / Child Development}, volume = {5}, Number = {1}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Hamadan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://sjh.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-1028-en.html}, eprint = {}, journal = {Avicenna Journal of Clinical Medicine}, issn = {2588-722X}, eissn = {2588-7238}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {Delshad, Hosein and Keshvarei, Amir and Sattari, Mahmoud and Gholyaf, Mahmou}, title = {A Case of Hypoglycemia with Insulinoma}, abstract ={Alteration of consciousness is a common problem in clinical practice. Many of pathologic and metabolic disorders can decrease the conciousness level, transient or permanently. Hypolycemia is one of the most common metabolic disorders. Hypoglycemia is a biachemical abnormality, not a disease. An abnormally low glucose concentration can be caused by a number of factors, such as, drug, tumors, altered gastrointestinal anatomy nad, failure of both endoctrine and nonendoctrine tissues. Although Insulinomas are rare tumors, the correct diagnosis is extremely important. Not only they are usually curable, but also if patients remain undiagnosed for long periods, they may develop, permanent neuropsychiatric sequelas. In this article, while discussing about clinical presentation of Insulinoma and how to approach it, we represent a patient with proved insulinoma.}, Keywords = {Adenoma / Hypoglycemia / Insulinoma / Pancreas}, volume = {5}, Number = {1}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Hamadan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://sjh.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-1029-en.html}, eprint = {}, journal = {Avicenna Journal of Clinical Medicine}, issn = {2588-722X}, eissn = {2588-7238}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {Monsef, Alireza and Hashemi, Seyyed Hami}, title = {Ischemic Colitis, A Possible Confusion with Ulcerative Colitis}, abstract ={Ischemic disease of the colon (Ischemic colitis) describe a more focal type of damage in the large intestine, increasingly recognized in the elderly. It is related to occlusion of the mesenteric artery, ligation during vatcular surgery, embolic episode, diabetes melitus, arthero sclerosis, polyarteritis nodosa, rheamatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and amyloidosis.  Clinical manifestations are acute bloody diarrhea and abdominal pain. A patient had referred to the emergency department with bloody diarrhea, at first, she considered a case dysentryor ulcerative colitis. Progression of clinical course ischemic and inflammatory colitis had considered as differential dingnosis. In rectosigmoidoscopy there were neumeric blood clots in the lumen and three biopsies  was taken. In the absence of active inflammation and parasite, the mucosal atrophy and fibrosis extended to muscularis mucosa, guid pathlogist to ischemic colitis. The patient treated with supportive therapy and there is not complication and recurence already.}, Keywords = {Colitis Ischemic / Colitis Ischemic – pathology}, volume = {5}, Number = {1}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Hamadan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://sjh.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-1030-en.html}, eprint = {}, journal = {Avicenna Journal of Clinical Medicine}, issn = {2588-722X}, eissn = {2588-7238}, year = {1998} }