2024-03-29T09:59:48+03:30 http://sjh.umsha.ac.ir/browse.php?mag_id=2&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
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Avicenna Journal of Clinical Medicine Avicenna J Clin Med 2588-722X 2588-7238 10.52547/ajcm 2003 10 2 In Vitro Semi-Quantitative Determination of Human Gamma-Interferon-mRNA Level by RT-PCR Jalil Tavakol Afshari Alireza Zamani Javad Behravan Behrouz Shisheeyan Bita Saifi Cells communicate with one another not only by cell-cell contact, but also via the elaboration of soluble mediators or cytokines. The functionally distinct repertoire of secreted cytokines of Th1/Th2 cells has been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. Effector Th1 cells secretes predominantly IFN- γ and IL-2 and regulates cell-mediated immunity against intracellular pathogens. Regulatory cytokines    are likely to be secreted in small quantities in response to specific stimuli and taken by responder cells. As a result, many scientists determine cytokine’s m-RNA expression by using a more sensitive technique, RT-PCR.           The expression of IFN- γ -mRNA was studied using semiquantitative RT- PCR. Lymphocytes were stimulated by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) (1μg/106) in culture medium (incubation time: 0,4,8,12,24,48 and72 hour) and total RNA extracted and cDNA synthesized. IFN- γ was detected by the    RT-PCR (reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction) and semi-quantitative-RT-PCR methods, in which sequences (273bp) between two oligonucleotide primers (chosen from two exons of the IFN- γgene sequences) were amplified using a heat-stable DNA polymerase. In semi-quantitative RT-PCR we used a serial dilution (1/2,1/4…) of cDNA in order to determine the titer of cDNA for that will give visible band in 2% agarose gel  electrophoresis.           Results showed that after 4h incubation express highest level of IFN- γ- mRNA and it is stable until 24 hour after that. Then it falls to baseline level.           In order to study the IFN- γ gene expression kinetic compare results with other studies show that RT-PCR detection of IFN- γ level is more sensitive than other methods like Elisa and for maximum expression of IFN- γ gene 4h incubation of lymphocytes with PHA is sufficient. IFN- ? PHA Activated Lymphocytes Semi-Quantitative-RT-PCR Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction 2003 9 01 5 11 http://sjh.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-664-en.pdf
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Avicenna Journal of Clinical Medicine Avicenna J Clin Med 2588-722X 2588-7238 10.52547/ajcm 2003 10 2 The Role of Scintimammography with 99mTc-MIBI in Evaluation of the Breast Lesions Asghar Khancherly Behruz Nasr The breast cancer is common in females.Early detection with safe , convenient , noninvasive and accessible diagnostic tools are important. X- ray mammography is still the first choice imaging for breast cancer, but has low specificity and limited value in dense breast and surgically scarred breasts. In recent years , MIBI scintimammography has been used for this purpose. The aim of this study was to determine diagnostic value of prone lateral 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy in detection of primary breast cancer in    patients with breast lesions.           We evaluated 55 patients with breast lesions and/or suspicious mammographic findings with MIBI scintimammography. In all patients , the diagnosis was established by pathology. Pattern of MIBI uptake and ratio of lesion to normal tissue uptake was recorded. All lesions with focal uptake and T/N ratio of more than 1.31 were considered as positive. Absence of  focal activity or diffuse uptake either unilaterally or bilaterally were considered negative for malignancy. Focal uptake with T/N ratio of 1.01-  1.30 was equivocal in MIBI scan. Mammographic and sonographic findings were classified as negative ( normal or benign) , equivocal and Positive (suspecious for malignancy or strongly malignant).           Of 55 patients , 10 had cancer in pathologic examination. The MIBI scan detected all of the 10 cancerous lesions. X-mammography was positive in 6 of 10 patients and was negative or equivocal in 3 of them. In this study the MIBI breast scintimammography showed sensitivity and specificity of 100%    and 95.4%.           With respect to the limitations of X-ray mammography particularly in the young females , dense breasts and surgically scarred breasts , and low specificity of it , MIBI scan can be used as complementary imaging to the mammography and sonography in the evaluation of the breast lesions. Breast Imaging 99mTc-MIBI Scintimammography 99mTc-Sestamibi Scan 2003 9 01 12 18 http://sjh.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-665-en.pdf
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Avicenna Journal of Clinical Medicine Avicenna J Clin Med 2588-722X 2588-7238 10.52547/ajcm 2003 10 2 Immunologic Response in BCG Limphadenitis Abdolvahab Alborzi Abdollah Karimi Ali Reza Nateghian           Post BCG-adenitis is one of the most common complications of BCG vaccination, however the precise underlying immunologic response has not clarified yet.             To determine the immunologic response in these patients, 56 patients with BCG adenitis and 46 healthy infants (as the control group) were enrolled in this study. The age range was between 2 months to 2 years and all cases had been vaccinated with Pasteur strain of BCG at birth. The tuberculin test was performed for both the patients and the control group,  using 0.1 ml of PPD-S antigen with Mantoux method.            There was a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.001)    showing a median in duration of 19.7 mm for patient group versus 8.5 mm  for control one .            The high degree of delayed hypersensitivity reaction is most likely the cause of necrosis and lymph node enlargement. poptosis and imbalance between Th1 and Th2 responses of T-cell lymphocytes cab be considered as the underlying cause for the results obtained; however the regulatory  mechanisms, especially the genetic controlling basis for immunologic response and immune cell analysis is further warranted to find the exact controlling mechanisms for the observed differences. For finding the exact    causes of BCG lymphadenitis and Immunologic response in two groups , determination of apoptosis cytokines and Th-cells activity in another study is highly suggested . BCG Vaccine - adverse effects Immune System Lymphadenitis 2003 9 01 19 22 http://sjh.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-666-en.pdf
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Avicenna Journal of Clinical Medicine Avicenna J Clin Med 2588-722X 2588-7238 10.52547/ajcm 2003 10 2 The Effect of Addition of Intrathecal Fentanyl to Hyperbaric Lidocaine for Cesarean Section Analgesia Pooran Hajian Maryam Davoudi Combining intrathecal local anesthetics with opioids has become a favorable practice for pain relief. The rationale is that these agents work at two distinct sites to eliminate pain via a combined and synergistic mechanism. In this study we evaluated the effect of two doses of intrathecal fentanyl combined with hyperbaric lidocaine on the quality and duration of analgesia and incidence of spinal anesthesia complications.           Frothy five patients were enrolled in this randomized , double – blind , placebo controlled , clinical trial study , 15 in each group. They received either intrathecal 75 mg lidocaine plus 0.5 cc normal saline (control group) , 75 mg lidocaine plus 12.5 mg fentanyl (12.5 mg group) or 75 mg lidocaine plus 25 mg fentanyl (25 mg group). The onset time of anesthesia , quality of    analgesia : intra operatively , in recovery and post-op period on the basis of visual analogue scale (VAS) , duration of analgesia and spinal anesthesia complications , mean analgesic need in post-op period was recorded by a blinded observer. The data was analyzed by statiscal tests (kruskal-Wallis , ANOVA , c2 ) with EPI6 and SPSS software.           There were no demographic differences among groups. The onset time of anesthesia was shorter in two groups of fentanyl than placebo group (P=0.01). Paine score (VAS) intra-op and in recovery was lower in 25 mg fentanyl group , (P=0.05) (P=0.04). VAS in post-op period was not different in three groups. The incidence of systolic hypotension in 25 mg fentanyl group    was lower than two other groups(P=0.022). Duration of analgesia and mean analgesic need in post-op period and incidence of other complications of spinal anesthesia were not different in three groups.           Addition of intrathecal fentanyl 25 mg to hyperbaric lidocaine in spinal anesthesia produces more rapid onset of anesthesia and improves quality of analgesia and decreases incidences of spinal hypotension . Analgesia Anesthesia Spinal Cesarean Section Fentanyl Lidocain 2003 9 01 23 28 http://sjh.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-668-en.pdf
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Avicenna Journal of Clinical Medicine Avicenna J Clin Med 2588-722X 2588-7238 10.52547/ajcm 2003 10 2 The Survival Effects of Electeromagnetic Fields on Dorsal Root Ganglia Neurons of the Crushed Sciatic Nerve in the Rat Mohammad Reza Morteza Naser Maryam  Previous studies have been shown that electromagnetic fields (EMF) result in increasing the rate of nerve regeneration. Therefore it could be assumed following axotomy the signal induction of these fields may protect neural cells from death.        For this study 24 male wistar rats (2 month age) divided to 4 groups (experimental 1, 2, control and sham). For axotomy, the animals were anesthetized and their right Sciatic Nerve (SN) were exposed and crushed in the mid portion of the thigh in experimental and control groups. In the sham group the SN just exposed (no compression). In the next phase experimental groups were exposed to the 50 HZ electeromagnetic field (EMF), 1.1mTl 2-4    hr/day (for 10 days). After 8 weeks, Dorsal Root Ganglions (DRG)s in the lumbar segments (L4-L6) of spinal cord were sampled, processed sectioned serially and stained with toluidine blue (pH=4.5). By using stereological quantitative technique (physical disector), the neurons in the crushed side (DRG)s were counted and compared in the all of groups.           Statistical analyses of results have been shown a remarkable reduction in neuronal density in (DRG)s of control. On the other hand we observed a cell death DRG significant among experimental groups (p<0/05). In addition we compared DRG volume in all groups but they didn’t show any significant    difference.           These findings indicate that the EMF may play a survival role against neuronal death during nerve injuries. Electromagnetic Fields Ganglia Spinal Sciatic Nerve Rats 2003 9 01 29 35 http://sjh.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-669-en.pdf
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Avicenna Journal of Clinical Medicine Avicenna J Clin Med 2588-722X 2588-7238 10.52547/ajcm 2003 10 2 Interrelationship between Manganese and Iron for Binding to Apo-Transferrin Taghi Hassanzadeh Ghasabeh Manganese is an essential trace elenent. There is a little evidence for deficiency of manganese in human , while as its toxicity has been reported in several cases. Manganese toxicity occurrs in humans exposed to high enviromental concentrations (for example workers in the dry battery production) and may be particularly important in the neonatal period. The chemical similarities between manganese and iron and their binding to    apo-transferrin (apo-tf) may lead to the disturbances of iron metabolism.           In the present project the interrelationship of anemia and manganese toxicity by techniques such as Affinity chromatography ; Equilibrium dialysis ; Urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ; Spectrophotometric titration was investigated.           The charactristics of Mn and Fe binding to apo-tf have been investigated and compared in this article . Using Equilibrium dialysis technique the binding of Fe and Mn to apo-tf was also studied. The binding constant of Mn to apo-tf was calculated using scatchared plot analysis. Addition of Mn (1.5 mg/ml) to reaction mixture containing Fe and apo-tf reduced Fe binding to apo-transferrin in comparison to control. Using Urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Urea-PAGE) technique conforming the binding of Mn to apo-tf.           The data that has been presented in this article elucidated the probable mechanism by which Mn interference with Fe metabolism; which result in the apperance of anemia. Anemia Hypochromic Apo-Transferrin Iron Manganese 2003 9 01 36 41 http://sjh.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-670-en.pdf
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Avicenna Journal of Clinical Medicine Avicenna J Clin Med 2588-722X 2588-7238 10.52547/ajcm 2003 10 2 The Study of Oral Clonidine Effect in Duration of Spinal Anesthesia with Lidocaine and Its Complications Misour Baalbaki Mohammad Hosein Bakhshaii Faryar Hakemzadeh There are many kinds of intervention to prolong the duration of spinal anesthesia which one of them is preoperation oral drugs. The purpose of this study was determination of clonidine effects in duration of spinal anesthesia and its complications.           This study was a double - blinded randomized controlled clinical trial in 40-60 years old males of Mobasher and Ekbatan hospitals in Hamadan. In this study there were 40 cases candidated for spinal anesthesia and we divided them to 2 groups i.e. test and control then the results were recorded on questionnaire sheets.           The test cases were prescribed 0.2 mg clonidine P.O. preoperatively and their duration of spinal anesthesia prolonged 11 minutes averagely and decreased its complications related to control prescribed placebo.           Hence , the result showed preparation oral clonidine prolongs the duration of spinal anesthesia and decreases its complications like hypotention , nausea and vomiting. Anesthesia Spinal – adverse effects Clonidine Lidocaine 2003 9 01 42 45 http://sjh.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-671-en.pdf
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Avicenna Journal of Clinical Medicine Avicenna J Clin Med 2588-722X 2588-7238 10.52547/ajcm 2003 10 2 The Growth Trend of 0–6 Years Children in Hamadan City , Iran Afsar Omidi Hosein Mahjub Today millions of children in the world have not got the appropriate growth. For this purpose, this study was performed to evaluate the growth process of children under 6 years old in Hamadan, in addition the surveying this process, the difference in growth of the children were compared and measured by the NCHS standard curve.           This was a cross–sectional study that included the research section of  1700 children who was at the average ages of zero, 1, 3, 6, 9,12 months and  1.5 , 2 , 2.5 , 3 , 3.5 , 4 , 4.5 , 5 , 6 years . The selection standard of the children was the perfect physical health and without obvious mental retardation.           Regarding the curved standard   the results showed that the 50th percentile of boys and girls weight up to 4 and 6 months was increased.  Then with increasing the age up to 6 years the weight gradually was decreased, that this weight deduction is closer to the 5th percentile of the standard in 18 and 24 months. The 50th percentile of the children height has been decreased from 9 months up to 6 years too, and the 50th percentile of  the head circumference from 18 months up to 6 years of age, constantly     and slightly decreased compare to the standard curve.           The overall result show that breast feeding is enough for the children up to 6 months and satisfies the children needs. But the causes that decrease the children growth are the lack of mothers knowledge about preparing the supplemental foods and the time of beginning and also inappropriate pattern of nutrition at the time of breast feeding. Body Weight Body Height Child Growth - trend 2003 9 01 46 54 http://sjh.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-672-en.pdf
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Avicenna Journal of Clinical Medicine Avicenna J Clin Med 2588-722X 2588-7238 10.52547/ajcm 2003 10 2 Comparing Personality Characteristics of Addicts with Non Addicts in Hamadan Ahmad Heidari Pahlavian Mohammad Ali Amirzargar Abdollah Farhadinasab Hosein Mahjub A Sizeable sector of the population in Iran continues to use substance abuse despite government efforts to prevent addiction. Present study was designed to compare personality characteristics of addicts with non  addicts.           One hundred and six addicts who sought treatment at addiction rehabilitation department of Hamadan , were recruited in this study. A selective control group matched for demographic variables with the first group were also requested to take part in the study. The structured clinical interview for DSM-IV and MMPI were administered.           The results showed that patients in studied group represented a significantly different personality characteristics in contrast to the control group. Overal 77.8%of addicts were diagnosed as mental disorder. This figure for control group was 26.2% . Also 41.3% of addicts were diagnosed as personality disorders, while the figure for non addicts was 5.8%.           High rates of mental disorders and personality problems are reported for addicts. It Seems that psychiatric symptoms and psychological vulnerabilities have important role in addictive behavior. Drug Dependence Personality Personality Disorders 2003 9 01 55 62 http://sjh.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-673-en.pdf
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Avicenna Journal of Clinical Medicine Avicenna J Clin Med 2588-722X 2588-7238 10.52547/ajcm 2003 10 2 The Study of Risk Factors of Malnutrition in Children under 5 Years Attending to Health Centers in Zahedan City Farzaneh Montazerifar Mansour Karajibani Mohammad Reza Ghanbari Seyyed Reza Mosavi Gilani Malnutrition is one of the most important factors of prevalence of diseases and mortality in children. On the other hand , identification of causative agents of malnutrition and prevention and control of disease is very crucial . This study was done for evaluation of risk factors in  malnourished children under 5 years old in Zahedan.           For this purpose , 1050 children attending to health centers of Zahedan who had malnutrition selected randomly in a descriptive cross sectional study and a questionnaire with demographic characteristics of mothers and children completed by interviewing. Then , collected data was analyzed by SPSS software and   descriptive statistics.           Results of the study showed that malnutrition in girls was more prevalent than boys (60.1% and 39.9% respectively). Also it was cleared that malnutrition in 6–24 months children was more prevalent than other age groups. In majority of cases interval of consecutive pregnancies was less than 24 month(35.2%) and number of family members was more than 5 persons (47%). In 54.3% of children the age of beginning food supplement was after 6 month. Most of the parents were uneducated (38.5% fathers and 52.0% mothers). Although 97.1% of mothers were house-wives but 51.9% of them were house-wives and uneducated . In 69% , weight     gain of mothers during pregnancy was less than 7 Kg total studied cases 58.4% of mothers had attended to health centers during pregnancy but in 65.9% , the number of attending during this period was less than 4 times.          From above results it was concluded that malnutrition in children is more due to  defect in preparation procedure and using food supplement and the time of beginning food supplement , illiteracy and low education of mother and lack of family planning. So, training mothers for increasing their knowledge making more     efforts for changing culture view point of people for family planning , keeping enough proper interval in pregnancies , equal oportunity for boys and girls helping to increase education levels of girls are among the most important factors for prevention the occurrence of malnutrition and increasing nutritional situation of     the community. Malnutrition-child Malnutrition-etiology 2003 9 01 63 68 http://sjh.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-674-en.pdf
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Avicenna Journal of Clinical Medicine Avicenna J Clin Med 2588-722X 2588-7238 10.52547/ajcm 2003 10 2 Report of Frequency of Prostatic Adenocarcinoma Stage A in Patients Operated due to BPH Hooshang      In this study 1192 cases were studied from 1986 to1996 in Imam Khomeini and Ekbatan hospitals of Hamadan province.           75 cases were found having pathologic stage A cancer (occult cancer). So the prevalence of stage A prostatic cancer is 4.78% . From statistic point it is 10%-25% .           This study indicates that the prevalence of the stage A of     adenocarcinoma in the studied subjects was less than those mentioned in the texts. Prostatic Hypertrophy Prostatic Neoplasms 2003 9 01 69 70 http://sjh.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-675-en.pdf
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Avicenna Journal of Clinical Medicine Avicenna J Clin Med 2588-722X 2588-7238 10.52547/ajcm 2003 10 2 A Case Report of the Pseudolymphoma of Orbit and Role of Transnasal Endoscopy in Its Diagnosis and Treatment Mohammad Hosein Baradaranfar Mohammad Reza Besharati Fatemeh Goieni Pseudolymphoma or reactive lymphoid hyperplasia is part of a spectrum of lymphoid tumors that is more common between 50 and 70 years of age. It is slightly more common in women.           The patient was a 59 years old male with diplopia and left eye displacement proptosis. The disease began 1.5 years ago with slow progress and no visual loss. In CT scan there was an enhancing mass at medial side of left orbit with distinct margins. The patient underwent transasal endoscopicsurgery without external incision. The whole tumor was removed .Pathology report was pseudolymphoma. Benign Orbital Tumor Endoscopic Surgery pseudolymphoma 2003 9 01 71 75 http://sjh.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-676-en.pdf