other ارزیابی کارایی معادلات برآوردی حداکثر ضربان قلب جهت تنظیم شدت فعالیت بدنی در دانش‌آموزان 8 تا 12ساله طب ورزشي Sport Medicine پژوهشي Original <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span ms="" style="font-family:" trebuchet=""><span style="color:black"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#274cc3"><span style="position:relative"><span style="top:-1.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:.1pt">سابقه و هدف:</span></span></span></span></span></span></b>&nbsp;<span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">متخصصان قلب و عروق و ورزش برای کنترل فشار کار در ورزش و توان‌بخشی، استفاده از شاخص‌های هزینه‌ی اکسیژن مصرفی، ضربان قلب و شاخص خستگی را توصیه می‌کنند. در این میان، کنترل شدت ورزش به‌وسیله‌ی شاخص ضربان قلب بسیار رایج است. بااین‌حال، در ابتدا باید حداکثر ضربان قلب (</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">HR_max</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">) به‌عنوان مبنای محاسبات، اندازه‌گیری یا برآورد شود. هدف از مطالعه‌ی حاضر، ارزیابی روایی معادلات برآورد </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">HR_max</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> در دانش‌آموزان 8 تا 12ساله‌ی سالم بود.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span ms="" style="font-family:" trebuchet=""><span style="color:black"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#274cc3"><span style="position:relative"><span style="top:-1.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:.15pt">مواد و روش‌‌ها</span></span></span></span></span></span></b><b><span b="" lang="AR-SA" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#274cc3"><span style="position:relative"><span style="top:-1.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:.15pt">:</span></span></span></span></span></b><b>&nbsp;</b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">در مطالعه‌ی کاربردی حاضر که از نوع هم‌بستگی بود، شاخص </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">HR_max</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> به دو روش آزمون ورزشی فزاینده و معادلات رگرسیونی ویژه‌ی کودکان در 205 پسر سالم 8 تا 12ساله به‌ترتیب اندازه‌گیری و برآورد شد. به‌منظور مقایسه‌ی </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">HR_max</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> برآوردشده و اندازه‌گیری‌شده از هم‌بستگی پیرسون، تی همبسته و ریشه‌ی میانگین مربعات خطا استفاده شد.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span ms="" style="font-family:" trebuchet=""><span style="color:black"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#274cc3"><span style="position:relative"><span style="top:-1.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:.2pt">یافته‌ها</span></span></span></span></span></span></b><b><span b="" lang="AR-SA" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#274cc3"><span style="position:relative"><span style="top:-1.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:.2pt">:</span></span></span></span></span></b>&nbsp;<span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">هم‌بستگی ضعیفی بین </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">HR_max</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> برآوردشده و اندازه‌گیری‌شده مشاهده شد (0.18 - 0.09=</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">R</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">). اختلاف معناداری بین </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">HR_max</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> برآوردشده و اندازه‌گیری‌شده وجود داشت (ضربه در دقیقه 4.8-1.4= میانگین اختلاف) (0.05></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">P</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">)، به‌طوری که معادله‌ی </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Nikolaidis</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> به بیش‌تخمینی معنادار و معادلات </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Shargal</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> و</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> Gelbert </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">به کم‌تخمینی معنادار </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">HR_max</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> منجر شد. همچنین، مقادیر ریشه‌ی میانگین مربعات خطا در معادلات برآورد </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">HR_max</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">، بالا بود (ضربه در دقیقه 7.4&nbsp;</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">&ndash;</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> 6.9 = </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">RMSE</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">).</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#274cc3"><span style="position:relative"><span style="top:-1.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:.2pt">نتیجه‌گیری:</span></span></span></span></span></span>&nbsp;</b><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">با توجه به ناکارآمدی معادلات خارجی برآورد </span></span></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">HR_max</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> در کودکان ایرانی، طراحی معادلات بومی توصیه می‌شود</span></span></span> <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span ms="" style="font-family:" trebuchet=""><span style="color:black"><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span lt="" optima="" std="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#274cc3"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Background and Objective:</span></span></span></span></b> <span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span lt="" optima="" std="" style="font-family:">Cardiovascular and sports experts recommend the use of oxygen consumption cost indicators, heart rate and fatigue index to control work pressure in sports and rehabilitation. Meanwhile, it is very common to control the intensity of exercise by heart rate index. However, the maximum heart rate (HRmax) must first be measured or estimated as the basis for the calculations. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the validity of HRmax estimation equations in healthy children.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span ms="" style="font-family:" trebuchet=""><span style="color:black"><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span lt="" optima="" std="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#274cc3">Materials and Methods:</span></span></span></b> <span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span lt="" optima="" std="" style="font-family:">The HRmax was measured and estimated in 205 healthy boys between 8 and 12 years old by two methods, Bruce&#39;s incremental exercise test and special equations for children. In order to compare the estimated and measured HRmax, Pearson&#39;s correlation, t-correlated and root mean square error (RMSE) were used.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span ms="" style="font-family:" trebuchet=""><span style="color:black"><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span lt="" optima="" std="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#274cc3"><span style="letter-spacing:.15pt">Results:</span></span></span></span></b> <span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span lt="" optima="" std="" style="font-family:">A weak correlation between estimated and measured HRmax was observed (R=0.09-0.18). A significant difference was observed between the estimated and measured HRmax (beats per minute = 1.4-4.8) (P<0.05). So, the Nikolaidis equation led to a significant overestimation and the Shargal and Gelbert equations led to a significant underestimation of the HRmax. Also, the root mean square error values for HRmax estimation equations were high (RMSE = 6.9 - 7.4 beats per minute).</span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span ms="" style="font-family:" trebuchet=""><span style="color:black"><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span lt="" optima="" std="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#274cc3"><span style="letter-spacing:.1pt">Conclusion:</span></span></span></span></b> <span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span lt="" optima="" std="" style="font-family:">Considering the ineffectiveness of foreign equations for estimating the HRmax in Iranian children, it is recommended to design native equations for estimating the HRmax for Iranian children.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; دانش‌آموزان, شدت تمرینات, ضربان قلب Exercise Intensity, Heart Rate, Students 62 69 http://sjh.umsha.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-12-1963-3&slc_lang=other&sid=1 Reza Heidary رضا حیدری 100319475328460023580 0009-0002-8427-6970 No Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran گروه تربیت‌بدنی و علوم ورزشی، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران Ebrahim Zarrinkalam ابراهیم زرین کلام zarrinkalam@gmail.com 100319475328460023581 100319475328460023581 Yes Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran گروه تربیت‌بدنی و علوم ورزشی، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران