fa بررسی و مقایسه نمره خیشومی‌شدگی هنجار در زنان و مردان 21 تا 33 ساله فارسی‌زبان طبیعی گفتاردرماني Speech Therapy پژوهشي Original <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span ms="" style="font-family:" trebuchet=""><span style="color:black"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#274cc3"><span style="position:relative"><span style="top:-1.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:.1pt">سابقه و هدف:</span></span></span></span></span></span></b>&nbsp;<span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">آگاهی از داده</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">‌</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">های خیشومی‌شدگی هنجار در گفتار افراد طبیعی به گفتاردرمانگر کمک می‌کند تا نتایج دقیق</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">‌</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">تری درباره وضعیت مراجع دارای اختلال به </span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">‌</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">دست</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">‌ </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">آورد</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">. </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">هدف مطالعه حاضر </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">تعیین</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> میزان خیشومی‌شدگی هنجار در گفتار افراد طبیعی 33-21 ساله فارسی‌زبان و </span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ارتباط بین جنسیت و خیشومی‌شدگی</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> است. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span ms="" style="font-family:" trebuchet=""><span style="color:black"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#274cc3"><span style="position:relative"><span style="top:-1.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:.15pt">مواد و روش‌‌ها</span></span></span></span></span></span></b><b><span b="" lang="AR-SA" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#274cc3"><span style="position:relative"><span style="top:-1.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:.15pt">:</span></span></span></span></span></b><b>&nbsp;</b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">مطالعه توصیفی - تحلیلی حاضر</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">با روش غیرتجربی در سال 1403 درباره افراد 21 تا 33 ساله فارسی‌زبان در شهر همدان انجام شده است. روش نمونه‌گیری به صورت در دسترس بوده و 106 نفر (53 زن و 53 مرد) بدون لهجه و بدون اختلالات تولید، تشدید، صوت و شنوایی</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> وارد </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">مطالعه شده‌اند.</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">میانگین نمرات هنجار </span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">خیشومی‌شدگی </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">با استفاده از دستگاه نیزومتر مدل </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">ANDREA SN:8538</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">،</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">آزمون </span></span>&nbsp;<span dir="LTR" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">SNAP</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">خواندن متن</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">‌های</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> رنگین</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">‌</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">کمان و</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">کیف‌ بهاره محاسبه شده است.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span ms="" style="font-family:" trebuchet=""><span style="color:black"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#274cc3"><span style="position:relative"><span style="top:-1.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:.2pt">یافته‌ها</span></span></span></span></span></span></b><b><span b="" lang="AR-SA" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#274cc3"><span style="position:relative"><span style="top:-1.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:.2pt">:</span></span></span></span></span></b>&nbsp;<span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">میانگین خیشومی‌شدگی در هجای </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">/ʃa/</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> در مردان 4/14&nbsp;</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span calibri="" style="font-family:">&plusmn;</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> 14/30، و در زنان 4/18&nbsp;</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span calibri="" style="font-family:">&plusmn;</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">12/21 به ‌دست آمده است. همچنین میانگین خیشومی‌شدگی در عبارت‌ حامل متمرکز بر همخوان‌های انفجاری لثوی زبانی در مردان 4/60&nbsp;</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span calibri="" style="font-family:">&plusmn;</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">16/47 و در زنان 3/75&nbsp;</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span calibri="" style="font-family:">&plusmn;</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> 14/71 به ‌دست آمده است. به طور کلی میانگین هر دوی آن خیشومی‌شدگی‌ها در مردان به طور معناداری بالاتر از زنان به دست آمده، اما بین میانگین نمرات خیشومی‌شدگی سایر بافت‌های گفتاری تفاوت معناداری مشاهده نشده است.</span></span><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"B Nazanin""></span></span></b></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span ms="" style="font-family:" trebuchet=""><span style="color:black"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#274cc3"><span style="position:relative"><span style="top:-1.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:.2pt">نتیجه‌گیری:</span></span></span></span></span></span></b><b>&nbsp;</b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">میانگین نمرات هنجار خیشومی‌شدگی </span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">در بیشتر بافت‌ها </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">بین زنان و مردان تفاوت معناداری نداشته است. همچنین به دست آوردن میزان<b> </b></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">هنجار نمرات خیشومی‌شدگی </span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">در مردان و زنان فارسی‌زبان </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">می‌تواند</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">به عنوان خط پایه‌ای برای ارزیا</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">بی،</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> تشخیص و درمان اختلالات تشدید در زبان فارسی باشد.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp; <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span ms="" style="font-family:" trebuchet=""><span style="color:black"><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Optima"><span style="color:#274cc3"><span style="letter-spacing:.15pt">Background and Objective:</span></span></span></span></b> <span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Optima"><span style="color:black">Measuring the data of normative nasalance scores in the speech of normal people helps speech therapists obtain more accurate results regarding the condition of their clients. The present study aimed to investigate the normative nasalance score and the relationship between gender and nasalance in normal Persian-speaking people aged 21-33 and the influence of gender on it.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span ms="" style="font-family:" trebuchet=""><span style="color:black"><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Optima"><span style="color:#274cc3">Materials and Methods:</span></span></span></b> <span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Optima"><span style="color:black">The present descriptive-analytical and non-experimental study, using convenience sampling, was conducted on 106 Persian-speaking, accent-less participants without production, amplification, sound, and hearing disorders (53 women and 53 men) aged 21-33 in 2024 in Hamadan, Iran. The mean normative nasalance scores were measured using the nasometer model ANDREA SN: 8538, the SNAP test, and readings of the Rainbow and Bahare&rsquo;s Bag texts.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span ms="" style="font-family:" trebuchet=""><span style="color:black"><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Optima"><span style="color:#274cc3"><span style="letter-spacing:.15pt">Results:</span></span></span></span></b> <span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Optima"><span style="color:black">The mean nasalance score in the syllable /</span></span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">ʃ</span></span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Optima"><span style="color:black">a/ was 14.30&plusmn;4.41 for males and 12.21&plusmn;4.18 for females, respectively. Moreover, the mean nasalance score in the carrier phrase focused on lingual alveolar consonants was 16.47&plusmn;4.60 for males and 14.71&plusmn;3.75 for females, in respective order. In general, the mean nasalance score was significantly higher for men compared to that for women. However, there was no significant difference between the mean nasalance scores of other speech contexts in men compared to women. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span ms="" style="font-family:" trebuchet=""><span style="color:black"><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Optima"><span style="color:#274cc3"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Conclusion:</span></span></span></span></b> <span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Optima"><span style="color:black">The mean scores of normative nasalance did not demonstrate a significant difference between males and females in most contextures. Additionally, obtaining normative nasalance scores in Persian-speaking men and women can be used as a baseline for assessing, diagnosing, and treating resonance disorders in the Persian language.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp; تشدید, خیشومی‌شدگی, زبان فارسی Nasality, Persian language, Resonance 245 254 http://sjh.umsha.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-12-2326-3&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Sogand Zarei سوگند زارعی 100319475328460023472 0009-0009-8289-272X No Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran کمیته تحقیقات دانشجویی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی همدان، همدان، ایران Kowsar Baghban کوثر باغبان baghban.kowsar@gmail.com 100319475328460023473 100319475328460023473 Yes Department of Speech Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran گروه گفتاردرمانی، دانشکده علوم توان‌بخشی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی همدان، همدان، ایران Sarvin Tahamtan سروین تهمتن 100319475328460023474 0009-0001-9522-3893 No Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran کمیته تحقیقات دانشجویی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی همدان، همدان، ایران Hadis Yarmohammadi حدیث یارمحمدی 100319475328460023475 0009-0008-8937-7221 No Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran کمیته تحقیقات دانشجویی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی همدان، همدان، ایران Zahra Pashaei زهرا پاشایی 100319475328460023476 0009-0003-0554-6934 No Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran کمیته تحقیقات دانشجویی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی همدان، همدان، ایران Saba Sazmand صبا سازمند 100319475328460023477 0009-0009-3773-9670 No Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran کمیته تحقیقات دانشجویی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی همدان، همدان، ایران Pardis Behvandi پردیس بهوندی 100319475328460023478 0009-0007-1698-7064 No Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran کمیته تحقیقات دانشجویی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی همدان، همدان، ایران Tayeb Mohamadi طیب محمدی 100319475328460023479 100319475328460023479 No Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran گروه آمار زیستی، دانشکده بهداشت عمومی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی همدان، همدان، ایران