Volume 32, Issue 1 (Avicenna Journal of Clinical Medicine-Spring 2025)
Avicenna J Clin Med 2025, 32(1): 46-55 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Koorki M, Isfandyari-Moghaddam A, Zarei A, Ayubi E, Khoshravesh S. Evaluation of Self-care Status and Related Factors in Older People with Type 2 Diabetes in Hamadan City. Avicenna J Clin Med 2025; 32 (1) :46-55
URL: http://sjh.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-3201-en.html
URL: http://sjh.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-3201-en.html
1- Department of Knowledge & Information Science, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran
2- Department of Knowledge & Information Science, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran ,ali.isfandyari@gmail.com
3- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Institute of Health Sciences and Technology, Avicenna Health Research Institute, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
4- Chronic Diseases (Home Care) Research Center, Institute of Cancer, Avicenna Health Research Institute, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
2- Department of Knowledge & Information Science, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran ,
3- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Institute of Health Sciences and Technology, Avicenna Health Research Institute, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
4- Chronic Diseases (Home Care) Research Center, Institute of Cancer, Avicenna Health Research Institute, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
Abstract: (116 Views)
Background and Objective: Diabetes, as one of the most prevalent chronic diseases among the elderly, necessitates control and self-care. The present study aimed to determine the self-care status and associated factors in older people with type 2 diabetes.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted in Hamadan City (Iran) in 2024. The study sample consisted of 253 elderly individuals with type 2 diabetes selected from health service centers and specialized diabetes clinics using a convenience sampling method. The tool for collecting data was a researcher-made questionnaire, the validity and reliability of which had been confirmed by a panel of experts and Cronbach's alpha of 0.82. The obtained data were analyzed using the SPSS (version 22) software, employing relevant statistical tests, with a significance level of less than 0.05.
Results: The average age of the patients was 69.00±6.76 years, with 129 participants being male. In addition, approximately 34% experienced a university education, and most were retired (39.5%). Males, individuals aged 60 to 65 years, married ones, those with higher education, retirees, those with appropriate economic status, and those undergoing dietary treatment scored higher on knowledge (P-value<0.05). Additionally, men exhibited more positive attitudes than women; individuals aged 60 to 65 years, those with higher education levels, those with better economic status, and employees also showed more favorable attitudes (P-value<0.05).
Conclusion: The results demonstrated that an increase in knowledge and favorable attitudes significantly affected the self-care behaviors of older people with type 2 diabetes. However, none of the demographic, economic, and disease-related variables had a significant effect on the adoption of self-care behaviors.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted in Hamadan City (Iran) in 2024. The study sample consisted of 253 elderly individuals with type 2 diabetes selected from health service centers and specialized diabetes clinics using a convenience sampling method. The tool for collecting data was a researcher-made questionnaire, the validity and reliability of which had been confirmed by a panel of experts and Cronbach's alpha of 0.82. The obtained data were analyzed using the SPSS (version 22) software, employing relevant statistical tests, with a significance level of less than 0.05.
Results: The average age of the patients was 69.00±6.76 years, with 129 participants being male. In addition, approximately 34% experienced a university education, and most were retired (39.5%). Males, individuals aged 60 to 65 years, married ones, those with higher education, retirees, those with appropriate economic status, and those undergoing dietary treatment scored higher on knowledge (P-value<0.05). Additionally, men exhibited more positive attitudes than women; individuals aged 60 to 65 years, those with higher education levels, those with better economic status, and employees also showed more favorable attitudes (P-value<0.05).
Conclusion: The results demonstrated that an increase in knowledge and favorable attitudes significantly affected the self-care behaviors of older people with type 2 diabetes. However, none of the demographic, economic, and disease-related variables had a significant effect on the adoption of self-care behaviors.
Type of Study: Original |
Subject:
Social Medicine
References
1. Amini M, Khadivi R, Haghighi S. Costs of type 2 Diabetes in Isfahan – Iran in 1998. Iranian J Endocrinol Metab. 2002; 4 (2):97-104. Link
2. Bharati D, Pal R, Rekha R, Yamuna T. Evaluation of the burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus in population of Puducherry, South India. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2011; 5(1):12-16. PMID: 22814835 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2010.05.008
3. Carpenter R, DiChiacchio T, Barker K. Interventions for self-management of type 2 diabetes: an integrative review. Int J Nurs Sci. 2019; 6(1):70-91. PMID: 31406872 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnss.2018.12.002
4. Eyre H, Kahn R, Robertson RM, Clark NG. Preventing cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes: a common agenda for the American Cancer Society, the American Diabetes Association, and the American Heart Association. Diabetes Care. 2004; 27(7):1812-24. DOI: 10.2337/diacare.27.7.1812
5. Karunathilake, SP, Ganegoda, GU. Secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases and application of technology for early diagnosis. Biomed Res Int. 2018;2018:5767864. PMID: 29854766 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5767864
6. Flora GD, Nayak MK. A brief review of cardiovascular diseases, associated risk factors and current treatment regimes. Curr Pharm Des. 2019; 25(38):4063-4084. PMID: 31553287 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190925163827
7. Liao X, Li S-H, Akkawi E, Mohamad M, Fu X-b, Liu H-w, et al. Surgical amputation for patients with diabetic foot ulcers: A Chinese expert panel consensus treatment guide. Front Surg. 2022; 9:1003339. PMID: 36425891 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.1003339
8. Redding S, Anderson R, Raman R, Sivaprasad S, Wittenberg R. Estimating the costs of blindness and moderate to severe visual impairment among people with diabetes in India. BMJ Open. 2023; 13(6):e063390. PMID: 37355259 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063390
9. Koorki M , Isfandyari–Moghaddam A, Zarei A, Khoshravesh S , Ayubi E. Explaining the understanding of elderly patients with type 2 diabetes regarding information therapy related to self-care: A qualitative study. Avicenna J Clin Med. 2024; 31(3): 178-189. DOI:10.32592/ajcm.31.3.178
10. Ghanbari S, Bahadorimonfared A. Self-care from the perspective of Islam. J Res Religion Health. 2020; 6(2):1-6. DOI:10.22037/jrrh.v6i2.29917
11. Koorki M , Isfandyari–Moghaddam A, Zarei A, Ayubi E , Khoshravesh S. Predictive factors of self-care behaviors in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes based on the information therapy model. J Educ Community Health. 2024; 11(3):175-182. DOI: 10.34172/jech.3307
12. . Mahdi H, Maddah SMB, Mohammadi F. The effectiveness of self-care training on quality of life among elderlies with diabetes. Iran J Rehab Res Nurs. 2016; 2 (4):32-39. DOI: 10.21859/ijrn-02045
13. Bagheri M, Bagheri M, Niknami S. The effect of educational intervention on knowledge and self-care of elderly people with type 2 diabetes. J Gerontol. 2018; 3 (3):21-30. DOI:10.29252/joge.3.2.21
14. Mirzaei-Alavijeh M, Khazaie H, Taherpour M, Jalilian F. Efficacy of the theory-based program for improvement of sleep hygiene behaviors of the elderly. Avicenna J Clin Med. 2024; 31 (3):170-177. DOI: 10.32592/ajcm.31.3.170
15. Mohammadi M M, Esmaeilivand M. Attitudes toward caring of the elderly from the perspective of nursing and midwifery students in Kermanshah Province in 2015. Salmand: Iran J Ageing. 2017; 11 (4): 476-483. DOI: 10.21859/sija-1104476
16. Stout MB, Justice JN, Nicklas BJ, Kirkland JL. Physiological aging: links among adipose tissue dysfunction, diabetes, and frailty. Physiology. 2016; 32(1):9-19. PMID: 27927801 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00012.2016
17. Moses M, Olenik NL. Perceived impact of caregiver’s participation in diabetes education classes on implementation of self-care behaviors. J Am Pharm Assoc. 2019;59(4):S47-S51. e1. PMID: 31279837 DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2019.05.014
18. Mirzaei-Alavijeh M, Azami F, Jalilian F, Hidarnia A. Self-care behaviors’ glycemic control and its related factors in type II diabetes women patients. Iranian J Endocrinol Metab. 2019;21(3):145-152. Link
19. Khani Jeihooni A, Eskandarzadeh N, Dehghan A, Khiyali Z, Bahmandoost M. Investigation of the performance of foot and eye Care in Patients with type II diabetes in Fasa: an application of the theory of planned behavior. J Educ Community Health. 2016;3(3):37-44. DOI: 10.21859/jech-03036
20. Hashad SM, El kholy A, Desoky G. Relation between knowledge and self care practices among diabetic patients. Alexandria Sci Nurs J. 2024;26(3):118-131. DOI:10.21608/asalexu.2024.376250
21. Hidayat R, Naziyah N, Masdiana M, Antari LJ. The relationship of diabetes knowledge and self-care practices among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Malahayati Int J Nurs Health Sci. 2024;7(8):943-950. DOI:10.33024/minh.v7i8.672
22. Wang D, Liu Z, Liu Y, Zhao L, Xu L, He S, et al. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices among patients with diabetes mellitus and hyperuricemia toward disease self-management. Front Public Health. 2024;12:1426259. PMID: 39399698 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1426259
23. Zhang Y, Zhang B, Chen C, Feng X, Song S, Wang H. The mediation effect of attitude on the association between knowledge and self-management behaviors in Chinese patients with diabetes. Int J Public Health. 2023;68:1606022. PMID: 37771845 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2023.1606022
24. Zeidi IM, Morshedi H, Alizadeh Otaghvar H. A theory of planned behavior-enhanced intervention to promote health literacy and self-care behaviors of type 2 diabetic patients. J Prev Med Hyg. 2020;61(4):E601-E613. PMID: 33628967 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2020.61.4.1504
25. Hu L, Jiang W. Assessing perceptions of nursing knowledge, attitudes, and practices in diabetes management within Chinese healthcare settings. Front Public Health. 2024;12:1426339. PMID: 39188797 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1426339
26. Baroni I, Caruso R, Dellafiore F, Ausili D, Barello S, Magon A, et al. Self-care and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM): a literature review in sex-related differences. Acta Bio Medica: Atenei Parms. 2022;93(4): e2022277. PMID: 36043961 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v93i4.13324.
27. Shrestha AD, Kosalram K, Gopichandran V. Gender difference in care of type 2 diabetes. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc. 2013;52(189):245-250. PMID: 23591304
28. Mathew R, Gucciardi E, De Melo M, Barata P. Self-management experiences among men and women with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a qualitative analysis. BMC Fam Pract. 2012;13:122. PMID: 23249410 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2296-13-122
29. Nita AV, Kurniyanti MA, Sulaksono AD. Effectiveness of animation video about diabetes mellitus self-care management on the level of knowledge among elderly. Health Technol J. 2024;2(5):487-491. DOI:10.53713/htechj.v2i5.262
30. Lo DF, Gawash A, Shah KP, Emanuel J, Goodwin B, Shamilov D, et al. Aging and diabetes: insights from american seniors on self-care practices, a systematic review & meta-synthesis. MedRxiv. 2024. DOI:10.1101/2024.07.01.24309671
31. Casegas J. On self care management of diabetes. Int Healthcare Rev. DOI:10.56226/70
32. Masamae M, McNeil R, Eso M. Factors associated with the opinion on self-care of elderly in Southernmost Provinces, Thailand. Interdis Acad Res J. 2024;4(4):499-510. DOI:10.60027/iarj.2024.277038
33. Noohi S, Karamitanha F, Shoghli A. Self-care ability of the elderly and related factors. Prev Care Nurs Midwifery J. 2022;12(4):19-25. DOI:10.52547/pcnm.12.4.19
34. Gusty R, Effendi N, Lim K, Syafrita Y. Association between knowledge and self-care adherence among elderly hypertensive patient in dwelling community. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2022;10(E):206-212. DOI:10.3889/oamjms.2022.8342
35. Borhaninejad V, Iranpour A, Shati M, Tahami AN, Yousefzadeh G, Fadayevatan R. Predictors of self-care among the elderly with diabetes type 2: using social cognitive theory. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2017;11(3):163-166. PMID: 27594115 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2016.08.017
36. Camargo-Plazas P, Robertson M, Alvarado B, Paré GC, Costa IG, Duhn L. Diabetes self-management education (DSME) for older persons in Western countries: A scoping review. PLOS One. 2023;18(8):e0288797. PMID: 37556399 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288797
37. Borba AKOT, Arruda IKG, Marques APO, Leal MCC, Diniz ADS. Knowledge and attitude about diabetes self-care of older adults in primary health care. Cien Saude Colet. 2019;24(1):125-136. PMID: 30698247 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232018241.35052016
38. Jahan F, Al Shibli I, Mukhlif Z, Al Moqbali JAK. Knowledge, attitude and barriers towards self-care practices in patients with diabetes mellitus in North Batinah, Sultanate of Oman. Int J Public Health Res. 2018;6(3):63-70. Link
39. Mekonnen Y, Hussien N. Self-care related knowledge, attitude, and practice and associated factors among patients with type 2 diabetes in JMC, Ethiopia. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2021;14:535-546. PMID: 33574688 DOI: 10.2147/DMSO.S296112
40. Karbalaeifar R, Kazempour-Ardebili S, Amiri P, Ghannadi S, Tahmasebinejad Z, Amouzegar A. Evaluating the effect of knowledge, attitude and practice on self-management in patients with type 2 diabetes. Acta diabetol. 2016;53(6):1015-1023. PMID: 27624577 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-016-0905-6
41. Brevidelli MM, Oliveira ABd, Rodrigues GVG, Gamba MA, De Domenico EBL. Fatores sociodemográficos, clínicos e psicossociais correlacionados ao autocuidado em diabetes. Revista Cuidarte. 2021;12(2). DOI:10.15649/cuidarte.2057
42. Noo-in S, Khiewkhern S, Somdee T. Factors influencing preventive self-care behaviors to avert Diabetes Mellitus among Thai Buddhist Monks, Thailand: A Cross-sectional Study. J Public Health Dev. 2024; 22(3):228-242. DOI:10.55131/jphd/2024/220319
43. Montazeri N, Bakhshi S, Malekzadeh R, Ziapour A, Chaboksavar F, Yazdi F, et al. Investigating the factors affecting the self-care behaviors of patients with type II diabetes and the role of demographic variables: A case study in Iran. J Educ Health Promot. 2023;12(1):291. PMID: 37849857 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1307_22
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
Articles Copyright © The Author(s).
Owned by Hamadan University of Medical Sciences
Published by UMSHA Press
Journal Tel: +988138380924
Publisher Tel:+988138380548
Website: http://sjh.umsha.ac.ir
Email: s_ journal[at]umsha.ac.ir
