Introduction: During the recent years, vitamin D deficiency was determined as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of vitamin D with ischemic heart disease in the city of Hamadan.

Methods: A case control-study was performed with 72 patients with ischemic heart disease, which had been confirmed by angiography in the case group. Vitamin D levels were measured in 74 patients with no disease in the control group. The results were analyzed by the SPSS-21 software and statistical tests.

Results: Overall, 31.9% of the patient group and 24.6% of the control group had deficiency of vitamin D (P = 0.04). After adjustment of all risk factors, the risk of ischemic heart disease in patients with deficiency was 2.047 times more than those with enough vitamin D (P = 0.05).

Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency could be considered as a risk factor for ischemic heart disease, however more studies need to be done to confirm this relationship.