Volume 29, Issue 4 (Avicenna Journal of Clinical Medicine-Winter 2023)
Avicenna J Clin Med 2023, 29(4): 211-219 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Bahrami Z, Sepahvand T. Effectiveness of Emotion-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy in Depression and Its Components in Children with Social Anxiety. Avicenna J Clin Med 2023; 29 (4) :211-219
URL: http://sjh.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-2575-en.html
URL: http://sjh.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-2575-en.html
1- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Arak University, Arak, Iran
2- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Arak University, Arak, Iran , t-sepahvand@araku.ac.ir
2- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Arak University, Arak, Iran , t-sepahvand@araku.ac.ir
Abstract: (1600 Views)
Background and Objective: Depression in children is especially related to social anxiety. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of emotion-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy (ECBT) in depression and its components in children with social anxiety.
Materials and Methods: This research was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest control group design. Among the primary school students of Qom in the 2019 academic year, 46 students whose score was higher than 29.5 on the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale for Children and Adolescents were selected and randomly assigned to experimental (n=23) and control (n=23) groups. Firstly, both groups responded to Children's Depression Inventory as the pre-test. Thereafter, the experimental group participated in the 16 sessions of ECBT, and the control group remained on the waiting list. Finally, the two groups were administered the post-test.
Results: The results of Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) demonstrated that after the control of pre-test effects, there was a significant difference in the linear combination of depression components of the two groups (Wilks' lambda= 0.065, F33,5= 94.662, P= 0.001). The results of univariate tests of ANCOVA also showed a significant decrease (P<0.01) in all depression components (and also the total score) in children of the experimental group after the ECBT sessions.
Conclusion: As evidenced by the results of this study, ECBT is an effective treatment for depression in children with social anxiety. It is suggested that mental health professionals prioritize this treatment in their therapeutic programs.
Materials and Methods: This research was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest control group design. Among the primary school students of Qom in the 2019 academic year, 46 students whose score was higher than 29.5 on the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale for Children and Adolescents were selected and randomly assigned to experimental (n=23) and control (n=23) groups. Firstly, both groups responded to Children's Depression Inventory as the pre-test. Thereafter, the experimental group participated in the 16 sessions of ECBT, and the control group remained on the waiting list. Finally, the two groups were administered the post-test.
Results: The results of Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) demonstrated that after the control of pre-test effects, there was a significant difference in the linear combination of depression components of the two groups (Wilks' lambda= 0.065, F33,5= 94.662, P= 0.001). The results of univariate tests of ANCOVA also showed a significant decrease (P<0.01) in all depression components (and also the total score) in children of the experimental group after the ECBT sessions.
Conclusion: As evidenced by the results of this study, ECBT is an effective treatment for depression in children with social anxiety. It is suggested that mental health professionals prioritize this treatment in their therapeutic programs.
Keywords: Depression, Emotion Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Generalized Anxiety, Primary School Children
Type of Study: Original |
Subject:
Clinical Psychology
Extended Abstract [HTML 27 KB] (67 Download)
References
1. Charlson F, Van Ommeren M, Flaxman A, Cornett J, Whiteford H, Saxena S. New WHO prevalence estimates of mental disorders in conflict settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2019;20;394(10194):240-248. PMID: 31200992 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30934-1
2. Polanczyk GV, Salum GA, Sugaya LS, Caye A, Rohde LA. Annual research review: A meta-analysis of the worldwide prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2015;56(3):345–65. PMID: 25649325 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12381
3. Kendall PC, Suveg C. Emotion-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxious children: Therapist manual. 2th ed. Translated by Afshari A, Amiri S, Neshat Doost HT. Isfahan: Univercity of Isfahan Press; 2017.
4. Ranta K, Kaltiala-Heino R, Rantanen P, Marttunen M. Social phobia in Finnish general adolescent population: Prevalence, comorbidity, individual and family correlates, and service use. Depress Anxiety. 2009;26(6):528-36. PMID: 19170089 DOI: 10.1002/da.20422
5. Tillfors M, El-Khouri B, Stein MB, Trost K. Relationships between social anxiety, depressive symptoms, and antisocial behaviors: Evidence from a prospective study of adolescent boys. J Anxiety Disord. 2009;23:718–24. DOI:10.1016/j.janxdis.2009.02.011
6. Fichter MM, Quadflieg NN, Fischer UC, Kohlboeck GG. Twenty-fiveyear course and outcome in anxiety and depression in the Upper Bavarian Longitudinal Community Study. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2010;122(1):75–85. PMID: 19922523 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2009.01512.x
7. Gazelle H, Ladd GW. Anxious solitude and peer exclusion: A diathesis-stress model of internalizing trajectories in childhood. Child Dev. 2003;74:257–78. PMID: 12625449 DOI: 10.1111/1467-8624.00534
8. Alotaibi A. Combating anxiety and depression among school children and adolescents through student counselling in Saudi Arabia. Procedia-Soc Behav Sci. 2015;205:18-29. DOI: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.09.006
9. Suveg C, Kendall PC, Comer JS, Robin J. Emotion-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxious youth: A multiple-baseline evaluation. J Contemp Psychotherapy. 2006;36(2):77-85. DOI: 10.1007/s10879-006-9010-4
10. Grosse Holtforth M, Krieger T, Zimmermann J, Altenstein-Yamanaka D, Dörig N, Meisch L, et al. A randomized-controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression with integrated techniques from emotion-focused and exposure therapies. Psychother Res. 2019;29(1):30-44. PMID: 29130400 DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2017.1397796
11. Setiyowati AJ. Emotion focussed cognitive behavioral therapy: An Attempt to Resolve Emotional deficiency and strengthen cognitive behavioral therapy efficacy. In 3rd International Conference on Education and Training. 2017;261-264. DOI: 10.2991/icet-17.2017.45
12. Shahar B. New developments in emotion-focused therapy for social anxiety disorder. J Clin Med. 2020;9(9):1-15. PMID: 32927706 DOI:10.3390/jcm9092918
13. Clayton M, Spaeth PE, Renna ME, Fresco DM, Mennin DS. Optimizing cognitive behavioral therapy to reduce the burden of distress disorders within an emotion regulation framework. London: Routledge; 2021.
14. Greenberg LS. Integrating an emotion-focused approach to treatment into psychotherapy integration. J Psychother Integr. 2002;12(2):154-89. DOI: 10.1037/1053-0479.12.2.154
15. Caspar F, Berger T, Holtforth MG, Babl A, Heer S, Lin M, et al. The impact of integrating emotion focused components into psychological therapy: A randomized controlled trial. J Cli psychol. 2022;21:1-20. DOI:10.1002/jclp.23421
16. Greenberg LS. Emotion-focused therapy of depression. Pers Centered Exp Psychother. 2017;16(2):106-17. DOI: 10.1080/14779757.2017.1330702
17. Shahar B, Bar-Kalifa E, Alon E. Emotion-focused therapy for social anxiety disorder: Results from a multiple-baseline study. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2017;85(3):238-49. PMID: 28221059 DOI: 10.1037/ccp0000166
18. Kendall PC, Kortlander E, Chansky TE, Brady EU. Comorbidity of anxiety and depression in youth: treatment implications. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1992;60(6):869-80. PMID: 1360989 DOI: 10.1037/0022-006X.60.6.869
19. Mariotti EC, Bolden J, Finn M. Unifying treatment for mild anxiety and depression in preadolescence. Psychother. 2021;58(1):121-32. PMID: 33252924 DOI: 10.1037/pst0000350
20. Shafiei M, Rezaei F, Sadeghi M. Effectiveness of the newly developed treatment contrast avoidance of worry and emotion-focused cognitive behavioral therapy in affective control in women with generalized anxiety disorder. J Mod Psychol Res. 2021;15(60):62-75.
21. Torres S, Sales CM, Guerra MP, Simões MP, Pinto M, Vieira FM. Emotion-focused cognitive behavioral therapy in comorbid obesity with binge eating disorder: A pilot study of feasibility and long-term outcomes. Front Psychol. 2020;11:1-13. PMID: 32194485 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00343
22. Suveg C, Jones A, Davis M, Jacob ML, Morelen D, Thomassin K, et al. Emotion-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy for youth with anxiety disorders: A randomized trial. J abnormal child psychol. 2018;46(3):569-80. PMID: 28580504 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-017-0319-0
23. Afshari A, Neshat-Doost HT, Maracy MR, Ahmady MK, Amiri S. The effective comparison between emotion-focused cognitive behavioral group therapy and cognitive behavioral group therapy in children with separation anxiety disorder. J Res Med Sci. 2014;19(3):221-7. PMID: 24949029
24. Afshari A, Amiri S, Neshat Doost HT, Rezaie F. Comparing effectiveness of group emotion-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy and group cognitive-behavioral therapy on children with social anxiety. J Urmia Univ Med Sci. 2015;26(3):194-204.
25. Kovacs M, Beck AT. An empirical-clinical approach toward a definition of childhood depression. In Schulterbrandt JG, Raskin A. Depression in childhood: Diagnosis, treatment, and conceptual models. New York: Raven Press; 1977:1-25.
26. Smukher MR, Craighead WE, Craighead LW, Green BJ. Normative and reliability data for the children's depression inventory. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 1986;14(1):25-39. PMID: 3950219 DOI: 10.1007/BF00917219
27. Kovacs M. Children's depression inventory: manual. Toronto, ON: Multi-Health Systems; 1992.
28. Dehshiri GR, Najafi M, Shikhi M, Habibi Askarabad M. Investigating primary psychometric properties of Children's Depression Inventory (CDI). J Fam Res. 2009;5(2):159-77.
29. Masia-Warner C, Storch EA, Pincus DB, Klein RG, Heimberg RG, Liebowitz MR. The Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale for Children and Adolescents: An initial psychometric investigation. J Am Acad Child Adole Psychiatry. 2003;42(9):1076-84. PMID: 12960707 DOI: 10.1097/01.CHI.0000070249.24125.89
30. Dadsetan P, Anari A, Saleh Sedghpour B. Social anxiety disorders and drama-therapy. J Iran Psychol. 2008;4(14):115-23.
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
Articles Copyright © The Author(s).
Owned by Hamadan University of Medical Sciences
Published by UMSHA Press
Journal Tel: +988138380924
Publisher Tel:+988138380548
Website: http://sjh.umsha.ac.ir
Email: s_ journal[at]umsha.ac.ir
