Manganese is an essential trace elenent. There is a little evidence for deficiency of manganese in human , while as its toxicity has been reported in several cases. Manganese toxicity occurrs in humans exposed to high enviromental concentrations (for example workers in the dry battery production) and may be particularly important in the neonatal period. The chemical similarities between manganese and iron and their binding to
   apo-transferrin (apo-tf) may lead to the disturbances of iron metabolism.

          In the present project the interrelationship of anemia and manganese toxicity by techniques such as Affinity chromatography ; Equilibrium dialysis ; Urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ; Spectrophotometric titration was investigated.

          The charactristics of Mn and Fe binding to apo-tf have been investigated and compared in this article . Using Equilibrium dialysis technique the binding of Fe and Mn to apo-tf was also studied. The binding constant of Mn to apo-tf was calculated using scatchared plot analysis. Addition of Mn (1.5 mg/ml) to reaction mixture containing Fe and apo-tf reduced Fe binding to apo-transferrin in comparison to control. Using Urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Urea-PAGE) technique conforming the binding of Mn to apo-tf.

          The data that has been presented in this article elucidated the probable mechanism by which Mn interference with Fe metabolism; which result in the apperance of anemia.